Projects

Current research projects

PhD thesis E-cigarettes and sexual function How e-cigarette exposure affects reproductive health, sexual function, testosterone signaling and mitochondria. Progress 90%
From exposure to human relevance
  1. 01 · Exposure

    What is inhaled?

    Aerosol chemistry, metals, particles, polymers and secondhand exposure.

  2. 02 · System

    Where does stress appear?

    Respiratory, mitochondrial and redox systems.

  3. 03 · Mechanism

    How do cells respond?

    Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, ferroptosis and signaling disruption.

  4. 04 · Hormones

    What about testosterone?

    Leydig cell steroidogenesis and microRNA regulation.

  5. 05 · Health

    Could function change?

    Erectile function and sexual health as human endpoints.

  6. 06 · Next

    What remains unknown?

    Longitudinal, biomarker-anchored studies to establish causality.

Funding. Some thesis-linked work was supported by FRGS/1/2020/SKK05/UM/02/1 and the UMSC C.A.R.E Fund (UMG010C-2022).

Independent framework Cellular Signaling as Dynamic Regulatory Circuits Signaling pathways read as dynamic circuits, not on/off switches. Timing, feedback and resolution shape the outcome. Progress 45%
From pathway diagrams to control systems
  1. 01 · Problem

    Static diagrams

    Pathway maps hide signal duration and feedback.

  2. 02 · Input

    Signal arrives

    Magnitude, duration and context carry information.

  3. 03 · Control

    System responds

    Feedback, thresholds and kinetics shape the response.

  4. 04 · Resolution

    Signal ends

    Termination is part of the mechanism.

  5. 05 · Failure

    Dynamics break

    Persistent activation can turn adaptation into pathology.

Core question. Can pathways be understood better by modeling their dynamics, feedback and resolution, not only their molecular parts?

Independent work Other independent papers Mostly sole-author reviews outside the thesis, from mitochondrial biology to respiratory injury and new exposure questions.
How these reviews are built
  1. 01 · Scope

    Start with a question

    A mechanistic or exposure problem that needs a clearer synthesis.

  2. 02 · Connect

    Link mechanisms

    Signals, organs, exposures and cellular responses.

  3. 03 · Synthesize

    Separate evidence from inference

    Findings apart from plausibility and open questions.

  4. 04 · Output

    Define the next experiment

    A clear map of what still needs direct testing.